註釋 | 含參考文獻.
保密資料：3年
Supervisior：SIT Wing Hung,Janet
Supervisior：LOK Ka In,Grace
Objective: Globally, Mental Well-being is an important issue. For female secondary school students, mental distress during puberty is challenging. However, there is little evidence from local studies on protective or risk factors of Mental Well-being among puberty females. Therefore, it is imminent to investigate the levels of and relationships between perceived stress, psychological resilience, social support, self-esteem and self-efficacy on Mental Well-being of female secondary school students in Macao. Methods: Through convenience sampling, invitation letters were sent to six secondary schools, and only one female school accepted the invitation eventually. Students who studied at the participating secondary school were recruited. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from participants anonymously. Total 624 questionnaires were collected, and the response rate was 91.53%. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Research Management and Development Department in Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau. Written informed consents were obtained from the participating school, parents and students. Results: Mean scores of the twelve-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), ten-item Chinese Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS-10), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (CRSES), General Self Efficacy Scale (GSE), Chinese Positive Youth Development Scale Resilience Subscale (RE-CPYDS), and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) were 15.069 (SD =7.377), 22.833 (SD=5.971), 25.465 (SD=5.378), 21.792 (SD=5.683), 23.905 (SD=5.457) and 32.97 (SD=5.746) respectively. 64.2% participant scored≥12 in GHQ-12 which indicates impaired Mental Well-being in the sampled female secondary school students. Moreover, 69.6% participants scored ≥20 in CPSS-10 which is considered as high perceived stress level. Bivariate analysis found impaired Mental Well-being was positively correlated with perceived stress (r=0.616, p<0.01) and negatively correlated with self-esteem (r=-0.517, p<0.01), self-efficacy (r=-0.381, p<0.01), psychological resilience (r=-0.415, p<0.01), and social support (r=-0.334, p<0.01). Moreover, multivariate regression analysis found study variables can explain 43.3% of variance in participants’ impaired Mental Well-being. The regression coefficient value of perceived stress, social support and self-esteem are 0.568(t=11.703, p<0.01), -0.110 (t=-2.409, p<0.05) and -0.302 (t=-5.451, p<0.01) respectively. However, relationships between psychological resilience and self-efficacy, and Mental Well-being were not established in this study. Conclusion: Level of impaired Mental Well-being and Perceived Stress is high for female secondary school students in Macao. Level of Psychological Resilience is relatively low, while Social Support, Self-esteem and Self-efficacy are found to be moderate. The results of this study suggest there being urgent need to strengthen protective factors (i.e. self-esteem and social support level) and reducing risk factor (i.e. perceived stress level) for effective mental health promotion strategies among female secondary school students in Macao. |
